What is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation, commonly known as AFib, is the most frequent type of abnormal heart rhythm. It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria, beat in a chaotic and irregular manner. Instead of contracting in a coordinated way, the atria quiver, which reduces the heart’s efficiency in pumping blood to the rest of the body.

What is Atrial Flutter?

Atrial flutter is a closely related condition, but the electrical activity in the heart is more organized compared to AFib. It develops when a circular electrical pathway forms in the atria, causing them to beat very rapidly in a regular pattern. On an electrocardiogram, atrial flutter often shows a distinctive sawtooth pattern.

Common Symptoms

Both atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter may cause noticeable symptoms. People often experience palpitations, which feel like a racing or irregular heartbeat. Shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, fainting spells, and chest discomfort are also common. In some cases, individuals do not feel any symptoms, and the abnormal rhythm is discovered during a routine medical examination.

Causes and Risk Factors

These rhythm disturbances often develop as a result of underlying health conditions. High blood pressure, heart valve problems, and coronary artery disease are frequent causes. An overactive thyroid, sleep apnea, obesity, and diabetes can also contribute to the development of AFib and flutter. In addition, family history may play a role in increasing the likelihood of experiencing these arrhythmias.

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter using an electrocardiogram, which records the heart’s electrical activity. In some cases, patients may wear a Holter or event monitor for continuous rhythm tracking. An echocardiogram is often performed as well, allowing physicians to evaluate the heart’s structure and function to identify any contributing problems.

Treatment Options

Treatment usually focuses on controlling the heart rate, restoring a normal rhythm, and reducing the risk of blood clots. Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiarrhythmic drugs are commonly prescribed. Some patients may undergo cardioversion, where an electric shock is used to reset the heart rhythm. Catheter ablation is another option, particularly effective for atrial flutter, as it interrupts the abnormal electrical circuit. To prevent stroke, blood thinners are often recommended.

Living with AFib or Atrial Flutter

Although these conditions can be serious, many people live active and fulfilling lives with proper treatment. Managing lifestyle factors is an important part of care. Maintaining a healthy weight, addressing sleep apnea, limiting alcohol intake, and avoiding smoking can all help reduce episodes of abnormal rhythm and improve overall heart health. With the right medical guidance and ongoing monitoring, patients can manage atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter effectively.